These measurements were collected on Januby the OMPS instrument on the Suomi-NPP satellite. This map shows a stratospheric sulfur dioxide cloud over the Pacific Ocean from Janueruption of Hunga Tonga – Hunga Ha’apai underwater volcano (triangle) near the Pacific Island Nation of Tonga. Volcanic clouds can pose threats to aircraft by affecting cabin air quality, damaging the airframe and engines, and reducing visibility. The volcanic plume contains particles made of glassy silicate ash and sulfuric acid droplets, as well as gases, both of which are health hazards in high concentrations. 11, 2o22, it unleashed a plume of ash and smoke that spewed more than 20 miles into the atmosphere, sent a shockwave around the world and triggered a tsunami that devastated parts of the Pacific island nation of Tonga.Īs JPSS satellites passed over the volcano, their Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite ( OMPS) instruments measured sulfur dioxide emissions in the plume spewing from the eruption. When the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano massively erupted on Jan. Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha-Apai Volcanic Eruption These data are combined with ground-based observations and weather models, and they help people make important decisions on whether they need to take shelter or evacuate. By measuring atmospheric temperature and moisture, as well as sea surface temperatures, ATMS gives forecasters data they need to predict how a hurricane will track, along with its intensity. The Advanced Technology Microwave Sounding (ATMS) instrument took measurements that provided early warning of this storm. Its remnants then swept northeast, where it caused devastating flooding in New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania and Connecticut and led to nearly four dozen confirmed deaths. Ida’s wind speed, fueled by unusually warm ocean temperatures, atmospheric moisture, and low wind shear, increased by 65 mph in 24 hours. Ida brought with it torrential rainfall, flooding and sustained winds as high as 150 mph that tore off roofs, downed trees, damaged whole neighborhoods and snuffed out power to more than a million homes. On August 29, 2021, Hurricane Ida made landfall near Port Fourchon, Louisiana, as a strong Category-4 storm–exactly 16 years after Hurricane Katrina struck the area.
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